Setting financial goals is the most important aspect that every person should think of. It is an important step towards becoming financially secure. Whether it is related to career, marriage, retirement or anything else, a clear awareness of resources and thorough planning is necessary. A goal sets you off in a certain direction and crystallises your aims, making it easier to visualise something that could be very far away, giving you focus and motivation.

But, most of us completely ignore this part and do not set financial goals due to a lack of clarity in financial planning. If you don’t have any specific financial goal to work on, you’re more inclined to spend more than you should. Later, when you get unexpected expenses, you might get stuck in the vicious cycle of loans. Eventually, you feel like you never had enough cash to save.

Even the most prudent person can't prepare for every crisis, as the world learned in the pandemic. What thinking ahead does is give you a chance to work through things that could happen and do your best to prepare for them. Financial goals will help you change your mindset, your habits and your life. You’ll start to see how every decision you make matters to your greater financial health. Knowing your goals enables you to work out roughly how much money you might need to save in order to achieve them.

It can be hard to narrow down which financial goals are right for you. Here are some common, must-have financial goals that everyone should make a priority in their lives.

1. Emergency Fund: Emergencies can derail our financial health if we’re not adequately prepared for them. Maintaining an adequate emergency fund will give you a stronger sense of security and ensure that emergencies are easier to manage when they strike as you have a cash reserve to fall back on, if necessary. These funds would help you tackle unexpected events such as job loss, a large medical expense and so on. It is advised that your emergency fund should be at least three to six times your current income.

2. Comprehensive Insurance Umbrella: Do you have a family who is dependent on your income? Do you want to be financially protected against risks to life and health? If so, you need to pay attention to your insurance needs. Having insurance is another important financial goal that will save you and your family from unexpected financial setbacks. It is also important that your cover /protection must be adequate for the purpose it is meant for. The must-have covers to consider are - life, health and personal accident. Health protection should be there for every individual in the family. Beyond this, you can also explore products like critical illness, top-up /super top-up health covers to enhance your health protection and a comprehensive home insurance. All this put together acts a big umbrella against the most common uncertainties we face in life. 

3. Being Debt Free: Debt makes it almost impossible to effectively save for the future as a major part of your income will go on paying off debt along with the interest. But, not all debt is the same. Debt taken for depreciating assets and for consumables /expenses /holidays, etc are especially bad and a strict no-no. If you can’t afford to pay for such expenses as a down-payment, then probably you don’t deserve it. Before deciding to repay loans, identify the type of debt i.e. good debts and bad debts you have. Good debt like home loans can help you achieve goals and tend to have lower interest rates. Bad debt like credit card dues, car loans, personal loans drag down your financial situation with high interest rates. So, focus on paying expensive debt first to better your financial standing. This allows you to save more money and redirect funds to other financial goals. 

4. Retirement Planning: For most of us “retirement” could mean relaxing at home or enjoying life with passions. But, are these things possible without money and peace of mind? No, right. So, planning and saving for retirement is paramount. For most Indians, their kids are like their retirement planning. Is it fair and wise? To have financial independence and self-sustenance in retirement, regular savings is a must. Generally, people get serious about retirement planning only when they are about to reach their 50s. It’s like running a marathon race and getting serious about winning when you enter the last mile. Start investing for retirement as early as possible. It should have started right when you started earning. The sooner you plan for your retirement the less you need to save and power will be the time available for power of compounding. When you start saving early, you have sufficient time to accumulate required funds for retirement. Thus, the task of building a large retirement corpus for your retired life becomes just a bit easier.

5. Budgeting: More than a financial goal, this is like a financial habit or behaviour. No matter how small the income or expense, you should keep track of it. Many people tend to spend without thinking, which results in overspending, financial stress and hardship. Creating and adhering to a budget will allow you to track everything you spend and question yourself where did you fall short in your saving goal and where is your money leaking through your fingers. This will also help you to avoid unnecessary expenses and become financially smart.

The Bottom Line

Reaching a point of financial well-being in life has nothing to do with luck or magic. It’s simply a matter of setting should financial goals and having a concrete plan as to how you will achieve them. By setting (and achieving) the above financial goals you can make the right start and before you move on to the more in-depth exercise of identifying and planning for other life goals. Till then, lets’ at least focus on these five must-have financial goals in life. 

You will be tempted to eat all the laddoos if they are lying in your plate in front of you. Likewise the extra money or year end bonus in our pocket will prick you until you spend it. Right isn't it?
The financial year has come to an end and we have got our annual bonuses. The same question of 'what to do with the bonus' arises every year. Should I buy a car? Should I go for a vacation? Should I pay off my huge credit card debt? Should I repay my home loan? Should I buy that new mobile? And the list goes on...
Bonus, like laddoos, tempts us to do something about it which might not be the right thing to do, especially if you are diabetic or in financial sense, not doing well enough. Take a pause; remember that you have earned that bonus through hard work not luck and hence it shouldn't be ruined for fun and luxury. Proper planning is strongly recommended for your bonus and one should be careful to not get carried away by emotions. Else, pretty soon we may realize that the bonus is gone and then regret.

What Not To Do?

Before going on to what we should do with our bonus, let's discuss the things which we should not do with our bonus...

• Keeping in the Bank Account: Often we find the bonus keeps lying into your bank account for long and you do nothing about them. Slowly, it gets eaten up by card payments and regular expenses... what a waste! We say “don't keep your bonus in the bank account”. A grace of say 10 days can be given before you can plan and deploy your funds elsewhere.

• Investing before clearing high interest loans: Do not rush into making investments before paying off obligations like credit card debt or a personal loan. They should ideally be repaid before investing the money, since the cost of such debt might be higher than the return on investments. Be careful though in not rushing to repay your home loan as it has some income tax benefits also to be factored before deciding to invest or repay.

• Big Purchases or Vacations: You will not achieve anything by blowing up your bonus in a vacation or a big TV. You'll cherish such things in the short run. But you have to secure yourself financially for long term pleasure. But at end of the day, it is also a question of personal affordability for such expenses and you need approval for the same, not from you, but preferably from your financial advisor...

What To Do?

Now, we know what we shouldn't be doing with our bonus. The question of what we should do with the bonus is answered below:

1. Liquid Mutual Funds: As an immediate first step, you might want to put your money to good use without any risk and with adequate liquidity … look no further than liquid mutual fund schemes. Instead of keeping your money in bank, you might not want to plan /research before properly investing. Liquid funds can also be of great advantage when you decide on equity mutual fund schemes to invest as you can then request a STP or Systematic Transfer Plan or a switch to any other schemes. An STP from a liquid fund to an equity fund is like an SIP in the equity fund where you lower the risk of lumpsum investing while generating returns on investments lying in liquid funds.

2. Invest, Invest and Invest: Ideally, more than 50% of your bonus should be invested. Keep your expense list down. Make a list of the investment avenues, where you will put your money. However, you should prioritize a few expenses like high interest bearing debt or some other important personal or family commitments. Depending on your asset allocation or your financial goals, you must invest some part of your bonus into equity funds.

3. Contribute to Retirement & Emergency Funds: You don't receive large sums of money everyday. Hence, one should be extra careful to allocate some part of your bonus to your yearly retirement fund. Remember that retirement is the biggest financial goal that you have for yourself. Small contributions made early in your life will give compounded returns to fill your retirement fund gap. The retirement savings will also help you as well as save taxes for the year, depending on your product choice. In addition, some money can also be parked as an emergency fund (preferably in liquid /short term debt funds) in case you do not already have one...

4. Start tax saving ELSS investments: This is the best time of the year to invest money in ELSS and other tax saving schemes. You have the time to plan, you can foresee your incomes and obligations and you have your bonus. So it's best to shift your tax burden from end of the year, when you might take wrong decisions because of lack of time or money, to now when you have both.

5. Relax: Since It's your bonus, you have the right to savor and enjoy it just like laddoos. The same should however be at a moderate level which is affordable, justified and which does not compromise your financial situation. At the end of the day, the positives or benefits from using your bonus must out weight the negatives or spendings you do. As a rule, you can keep maximum of 20% of net bonus received or 10% of your net annual income (whichever lower) as your upper limit of spending.

As informed investors, we should be familiar with the different investment routes or facility of investing offered by mutual funds. You may already be aware of SIP but likewise, there are also other facilities offered by mutual funds to invest, redeem or switch between investments, which are relatively unknown.

We have explored the SWP in one of our previous issues. This month, we would be exploring the STP or Systematic Transfer Plan in detail.

Thanks to the consistent marketing efforts by the industry, today SIP or Systematic Investment Plan have become a familiar term for investors. More people are now beginning to explore the savings route through SIPs. But as an investor, one should know that SIP is just one route or facility of investing. Likewise, there are also other facilities offered by mutual funds to investors to invest, redeem or switch between investments, which are relatively unknown. We shall be exploring these facilities in detail in the future newsletter issues. In this issue, we will talk about Systematic Withdrawal Plan or SWP.

What is SWP?

A SWP is a facility that allows an investor to withdraw money (redeem units) from an existing mutual fund scheme at defined time intervals. Thus, the SWP is something opposite or reverse of a SIP where periodic investments are made into the scheme. The SWPs are used by investors to create a regular flow of income from their investments for meeting various life objectives.

SWP Options:

There are certain additional options offered by mutual funds within SWP. As far as time intervals are concerned, the frequency options generally available to withdraw are on monthly, quarterly or annual period basis. In terms of the nature/type of withdrawal possible, investors normally have two options to choose from...

Fixed Withdrawal: Wherein specific amount of money can be withdrawn.
Appreciation Withdrawal: Wherein amount of appreciation only can be withdrawn.

Ways how you can use SWP in your lives:

SWP can help meet your cash-flow requirements for achieving any temporary or long term objective. It is one of the many ways available for planning regular income from savings. The following real life situations can help you realise the ways in which SWP can be planned

1. Mr. Amitabh will be retiring very soon. Post retirement he wants a steady income flow into his account.
2. Mrs. Kavita plans to take a break from work for a year to bring up her first child. She is exited and wants a steady inflow from her investments during this period.
3. Mr. Kishore has recently married and wants to create a perpetual cash flow for his wife while keep investment capital intact.
4. Mr. Banerjee is planning an investment in his son's name with regular withdrawals to fund his regular pocket money and tuition fees needs.

As we can see, SWP can be a very powerful facility which can be used smartly to meet your cash flow needs. It can potentially play a very critical role as part of a holistic financial planning for your family.

SWP: Tool for Investment Strategy

There are specific ways in which SWP can be smartly used to manage your wealth as well as cash flow requirement. If we can carefully manage the amount of SWP with the returns or appreciation expectation, we can strike a smart balance between periodic cash flow on one hand and capital appreciation/ reduction on the other hand. For financial planners, its a great tool to play with...

Stategy 1: Regular cash-flow keeping Principal Intact:

This is the simple strategy where the the option of 'appreciation withdrawal' is exercised for SWP. Thus, the withdrawal amount changes to adjust for the “appreciation” or gain made on the amount invested. In this way your capital stays invested while you continue to enjoy the gains periodically.

For example: Amount Invested R5 lac. Expected returns 9%. Monthly withdrawal option: Appreciation only meaning any amount over 5 lac will be to the investor on the selected periodic intervals. The main investment remains intact.

Strategy 2: Creating Perpetual Cash-flow:

This is the advanced version of strategy, wherein a 'fixed' withdrawal amount is kept lower than the expected returns or appreciation. So if expected returns is say 9%, you will be withdrawing below 9% every year. This way, a perpetual cash flow is ensured with lump-sum capital staying intact.

For example, if scheme “X” : Amount Invested R5 lac. Expected returns 9%. Monthly withdrawal: R3,000/- short of 9% yearly. This would create a perpetual cash flow of R3,000/- with invested capital staying intact or increasing slightly. An extension to this strategy is that if you have a big investment capital and mush smaller withdrawals, you may be able to increase your withdrawal amount every year and still continue to enjoy outflow for a longer period of time. A real life scenario for such a case would be retirement where the growing annuity would be needed to adjust for inflation. The other option would be to keep withdrawal constant, then you would be able to increase the value of your investment.

Comparison with other products:

Let us now compare the SWP option with some of the other products in market which offer regular income option.

Unfortunately, looking at the above comparisons, we can confidently say that there is not enough savings products or options available that is worth comparing to the SWP option in a mutual fund scheme. The popular SCSS and POMIS products may offer fixed returns but they also have limitations in terms of amount, period, mode of holding along with the inconvenience and operational hassles. Mutual funds which also offer debt and money market schemes can potentially deliver better post tax-returns, in addition to the many other advantages.

Way forward:

Times are changing. As investors, we need to take efforts to understand the options /facilities available to us and be open to incorporating these ideas to manage our wealth and our lives in a better way. SWP is one strategy that really helps you meet your consumption or cash-flow needs. Perhaps SWP is as important a tool for managing redemption or withdrawal of money as SIP is important for investing. We hope, the next time you are thinking of withdrawals, the idea of SWP shall cross your mind.

India is a blessed land where gurus have preached the path of self-realisation and enlightenment for aeons. Lord Budhha, the revered founder of Buddhism, is one such name from ancient India who spent nearly 45 years spreading his teachings. These teachings are timeless and are as relevant today as they have ever been.

Interestingly, the lessons of living and life, are even relevant to investors. Beyond the world of financial jargon, technicalities, strategies and plans, there exists a world full of rich spiritual wisdom which can be applied to the investing world. In this article, we look at some of the Buddha’s words as guiding lights on investment matters.

On Discipline:

• “A jug fills drop by drop.” Small, regular and consistent investments go a long way in building wealth.
• “The trouble is, you think you have time.” The smart investors do not procrastinate and always act with a sense of urgency.
• “The person who masters himself through self-control and discipline is truly undefeatable.” Truly, a dedicated person with control on his spendings and discipline to follow his investment plans can overcome any financial challenges.
• “If you are facing in the right direction, all you need to do is keep on walking.” Having the right financial plan or investment strategy is the most important, all that remains after that is following it diligently.

On Behaviour:

• “Do not dwell in the past, do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind on the present moment.” Any financial decision has to be based on your present scenario, not past event or future predictions.
• “The root of suffering is attachment.” The biggest of the losses to investors come from their own biases and opinions, leading to irrational decisions, based on emotions.
• “Believe nothing, no matter where you read it, or who said it, no matter if I have said it, unless it agrees with your own reason and your own common sense.” The investor should always follow his own plans and not be affected by market noise, herd behaviour, avoid FOMO (fear of missing out) or what others say unless there is sound reasoning for the same.
• “What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us.” Clearly, our potential to build our financial well-being is much more than probably what we have achieved or what we think we can achieve.

On Action:

• “Work out your own salvation. Do not depend on others.” Clearly, one has to avoid debt and be financially independent. One should strive for his own financial well-being and not expect others will take care of you, even your children, especially in old age.
• “An idea that is developed and put into action is more important than an idea that exists only as an idea.” No virtual plans or strategies or dreams hold any value till the time action is initiated for the same. Working towards your plans and having timely execution is the key.
• “What you think, you become. What you feel, you attract. What you imagine, you create.” Before actions, come thoughts, ideas and imagination. Having the right kind of thinking and the right set of people you interact with will also impact your actions and ultimately your success.

On Success:

• “There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work and learning from failure.” The quality of your plans, your knowledge, your learnings from your past experiences and actions that you take would help determine your success.
• “It is better to travel well than to arrive.” The financial well-being is not a destination but a journey to be enjoyed. Even if one achieves a targetted amount of wealth, that is not the end of it as one has to manage the same.
• “To conquer oneself is a greater task than conquering others.” There is no standard for success and one can only be seen as a success or failure according to his own expectations. We should all aim for our own personal level of success and happiness rather than compare the targets which others have set for themselves.
• “Health is the greatest gift, contentment the greatest wealth, faithfulness the best relationship.” Any amount of absolute wealth may not add anything to your happiness. One who lives within his means and is content is wealthy. True happiness can come when you are healthy and you share your life’s journey with people whom you trust.

Final words:

The title Budhha, meaning ‘Awakened One’ or the ‘Enlightened One’, was bestowed on Gautama as he taught from his insights into ‘dukhha’ (suffering) and the end of same, by achieving a state of ‘nirvana’. Buddha, in turn, is derived from the words “buddhi” which literally means ‘intellect’, ‘intelligence’ or ‘wisdom’. It would be wise as investors if we also learn from this wisdom and apply them to in our lives as we walk the small path of our own financial independence or nirvana.